Antileprotics' Drugs: Classification, Mechanism, Uses, Adverse Effects, Dosage, Contraindications & Drug Interactions
1. Definition
- Drugs used for the treatment
of Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
2. Classification of Antileprotics
A.
Primary Drugs
B.
Secondary Drugs (Reserve Drugs)
3. Multiple Drug Therapy (MDT)
- Recommended by WHO to
prevent resistance.
- Paucibacillary (PB) Leprosy:
- Rifampicin + Dapsone (6
months)
- Multibacillary (MB) Leprosy:
- Rifampicin + Clofazimine +
Dapsone (12 months)
4. DAPSONE
Mechanism
of Action:
- Inhibits folic acid
synthesis (similar to sulfonamides).
- Acts as bacteriostatic
against M. leprae.
Therapeutic
Uses:
- Leprosy (main drug)
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Pneumocystis pneumonia (with
trimethoprim)
Adverse
Effects:
- Hemolysis (esp. in G6PD
deficiency)
- Methemoglobinemia
- Rashes, fever
Usual
Dose:
- 100 mg once daily (oral)
Contraindication:
- G6PD deficiency
- Severe anemia
Drug
Interaction:
- Antimalarials, rifampicin ↑
risk of hemolysis
5. CLOFAZIMINE
Mechanism
of Action:
- Binds to bacterial DNA →
inhibits replication
- Has anti-inflammatory
and antibacterial effects
Therapeutic
Uses:
- Multibacillary leprosy (in
MDT)
- Erythema nodosum leprosum
(ENL)
Adverse
Effects:
- Skin discoloration
(red-brown pigmentation)
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Dry skin, ichthyosis
Usual
Dose:
- 50–100 mg daily (oral)
Contraindication:
- Liver disease,
hypersensitivity
Drug
Interaction:
- None significant
END OF THE DOCUMENT
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