Comprehensive Overview of Antidiuretics

 

 Antidiuretics

• Content
• List of Antidiuretic Drugs
• Mechanism of Action
• Adverse Effects
• Therapeutic Uses of Vasopressin Analogues and Antagonists (including Desmopressin)

---

Introduction to Antidiuretics

• Definition: Drugs that reduce urine output by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
• Key Hormone: Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH)
• Regulates water balance in the body.

---

List of Antidiuretic Drugs

• Vasopressin Analogues:
• Desmopressin (DDAVP)
• Terlipressin
• Vasopressin Antagonists:
• Tolvaptan
• Conivaptan

---

Mechanism of Action of Vasopressin Analogues

• Vasopressin Receptors:
• V1 Receptors: Found in vascular smooth muscle – cause vasoconstriction.
• V2 Receptors: Found in renal collecting ducts – increase water reabsorption.
• Desmopressin (DDAVP):
• Selective for V2 receptors.
• Promotes insertion of aquaporin-2 channels in collecting ducts.
• Results in water reabsorption and concentrated urine.

---

Adverse Effects of Vasopressin Analogues

• Common Side Effects:
• Headache
• Nausea
• Flushing
• Serious Side Effects:
• Hyponatremia (water intoxication)
• Seizures
• Allergic reactions

---

Therapeutic Uses of Desmopressin

• Clinical Indications:
• Central Diabetes Insipidus
• Nocturnal Enuresis (bedwetting)
• Bleeding Disorders (e.g., von Willebrand Disease, mild Hemophilia A)

---

Vasopressin Antagonists: Mechanism of Action

• Tolvaptan & Conivaptan:
• Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists (V1 and V2 receptors).
• Inhibit V2 receptor activity in the kidneys.
• Promote excretion of free water (aquaresis) without affecting electrolyte balance.

---

Adverse Effects of Vasopressin Antagonists

• Common Side Effects:
• Dry mouth
• Thirst
• Polyuria
• Serious Side Effects:
• Hypernatremia
• Liver toxicity (with Tolvaptan in long-term use)

---

Therapeutic Uses of Vasopressin Antagonists

• Clinical Indications:
• Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
• Hyponatremia associated with heart failure or cirrhosis

---

Summary

• Vasopressin Analogues:
• Enhance water reabsorption through V2 receptors.
• Used for Diabetes Insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and certain bleeding disorders.
• Desmopressin:
• A key vasopressin analogue with selective V2 receptor action.
• Vasopressin Antagonists:
• Promote water excretion by inhibiting V2 receptors.
• Treat SIADH and hyponatremia.

 Presentation for Antidiuretics

  

                                      END OF THE CHAPTER

 You may also like read more: 

Chapter -1 Chapters in Pharmacology

SHARE

Owner

Hi. I’m Writer of Researchsop.com. ’ ’ Please share these SOPs to all concern pharma people for their development. I like to fullfill the need of curious people. These things inspire me to make things looks better.

• 
• 
• 
• 
•