Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in an Emergency

Objective:

To provide immediate and effective Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) to individuals experiencing cardiac arrest, ensuring maximum survival chances.

Steps to Follow for CPR in an Emergency:

1. Assess the Situation

Ensure the scene is safe for both the rescuer and the victim.
Check if the victim is responsive by tapping on the shoulders and asking loudly, “Are you okay?”
If unresponsive, shout for help and activate emergency medical services (EMS) or call 911 or 108.

2. Check for Breathing and Pulse (Within 10 seconds)

Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
Check the carotid pulse (for adults) or brachial pulse (for infants).
If no pulse and no normal breathing (or only gasping), begin CPR immediately.

3. Start Chest Compressions (High-Quality CPR)

Place the heel of one hand in the center of the victim’s chest (lower half of the sternum).
Place the other hand on top and interlock fingers (for adults and children).
Compress at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep for adults and children, and about 1.5 inches (4 cm) for infants.
Perform compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute.
Allow full chest recoil between compressions.

4. Provide Rescue Breaths (If Trained to Do So)

Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique.
Pinch the nose shut and give two rescue breaths, each lasting about one second, ensuring chest rise.
If the chest does not rise, reposition the airway and try again.

5. Continue CPR in Cycles of 30:2

30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
Continue cycles until:

The victim shows signs of life (e.g., breathing, movement).
An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is available.
Professional medical help takes over.
The rescuer is too exhausted to continue.

6. Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) If Available

Turn on the AED and follow voice prompts.
Attach AED pads to the victim’s bare chest.
If the AED advises a shock, ensure no one is touching the victim and press the shock button.
Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with compressions.

7. Continue Until Professional Help Arrives

Keep performing CPR and using the AED as needed.
If the victim regains consciousness and starts breathing normally, place them in the recovery position (on their side) and monitor until medical help arrives.

Special Considerations:

Infants & Children: Use two fingers for infants and one or two hands for children. The compression depth should be age-appropriate.
Drowning or Drug Overdose Victims: Give rescue breaths first before starting chest compressions.
Pregnant Women: Perform compressions slightly higher on the chest. If possible, position the mother slightly tilted to the left to reduce pressure on the major blood vessels.

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