ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS
1. Definition
- Drugs used to destroy or
expel parasitic worms (helminths) from the body.
2. Classification
A.
Nematodes (Roundworms):
Piperazine, Diethylcarbamazine, Pyrantel pamoate, Mebendazole, Albendazole
B.
Cestodes (Tapeworms):
Niclosamide, Praziquantel
C.
Trematodes (Flukes):
Praziquantel, Albendazole
a. Piperazine
- MOA: Paralyzes worms by blocking
acetylcholine.
- Use: Ascariasis (roundworm).
- Adverse: Nausea, dizziness.
- Dose: 75 mg/kg once daily (2
days).
- Contraindication: Epilepsy.
- Interaction: None major.
b. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
- MOA: Immobilizes microfilaria.
- Use: Filariasis.
- Adverse: Fever, rash (due to dying
parasites).
- Dose: 6 mg/kg/day × 12 days.
- Contraindication: Pregnancy.
c. Pyrantel Pamoate
- MOA: Depolarizing neuromuscular
blocker.
- Use: Roundworm, pinworm.
- Adverse: GI upset, headache.
- Dose: 10 mg/kg single dose.
d. Mebendazole
- MOA: Inhibits microtubule formation
→ blocks glucose uptake.
- Use: Broad-spectrum (roundworm,
hookworm).
- Adverse: Abdominal pain.
- Dose: 100 mg twice daily × 3
days.
e. Niclosamide
- MOA: Inhibits oxidative
phosphorylation in tapeworm.
- Use: Tapeworm.
- Dose: 2 g single dose.
f. Praziquantel
- MOA: Increases calcium
permeability → paralysis.
- Use: Tapeworm, fluke.
- Adverse: Abdominal pain, dizziness.
- Dose: 40 mg/kg single dose.
g. Albendazole
- MOA: Inhibits microtubule
polymerization.
- Use: Broad-spectrum
anthelmintic.
- Adverse: Nausea, hepatic enzyme
rise.
- Dose: 400 mg single dose.
You may like to read more:
1. Antimicrobials Made Simple: Mechanism, Resistance, and Smart Usage
3. Classification of Cephalosporins, Monobactams, and Carbapenems
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