Antiviral Drugs: Classification, Mechanism, Uses, Adverse Effects, Dosage, Contraindications & Drug Interactions

 ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

1. Classification

• Anti-Herpes Virus: Acyclovir, Ganciclovir
• Anti-Retroviral (HIV): Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Indinavir, Enfuvirtide
• Anti-Influenza Virus: Amantadine
• Non-selective Antiviral: Interferon-α

 

2. HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy)

• Combination of 3 or more antiretroviral drugs:
• 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or Protease Inhibitor
  Example: Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Efavirenz

 

3. Mechanism and Uses

Acyclovir

• MOA: Inhibits viral DNA polymerase.
• Use: HSV-1, HSV-2, shingles.
• Adverse: Nausea, nephrotoxicity.

Ganciclovir

• Use: CMV infections.
• Adverse: Bone marrow suppression.

Zidovudine, Lamivudine

• MOA: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
• Adverse: Anemia, GI upset.

Nevirapine, Efavirenz

• MOA: NNRTIs – inhibit reverse transcriptase directly.
• Adverse: Rash, hepatotoxicity.

Indinavir

• MOA: Protease inhibitor.
• Adverse: Kidney stones.

Enfuvirtide

• MOA: Fusion inhibitor – prevents viral entry into cells.

Amantadine

• MOA: Blocks viral uncoating (Influenza A).
• Adverse: CNS effects.

Interferon-α

• MOA: Enhances immune response.
• Use: Hepatitis B, C, Kaposi’s sarcoma.

                                                          END OF THE DOCUMENT

You may like to read more:

1. Antimicrobials Made Simple: Mechanism, Resistance, and Smart Usage

2. Classification of Cephalosporins, Monobactams, and Carbapenems

3. Chapters in Pharmacology

 

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