Two-Mark Answer Points: Short Hints for Easy Scoring
UNIT-1: DRUGS ACTING ON GIT
1. Define peptic ulcer disease.
→ A condition characterized by erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosa due to
acid and pepsin.
2. Name any two H₂-receptor antagonists.
→ Ranitidine, Famotidine
3. One advantage of PPIs over H₂ blockers.
→ PPIs produce more potent and prolonged acid suppression.
4. Mechanism of action of antacids.
→ Neutralize gastric acid and increase gastric pH.
5. Two non-systemic antacids.
→ Aluminium hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide
6. Role of misoprostol in PUD.
→ Prevents NSAID-induced ulcers by increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion.
7. Two stimulant laxatives.
→ Senna, Bisacodyl
8. Two osmotic purgatives.
→ Lactulose, Magnesium sulphate
9. What is ORS? One use.
→ Oral Rehydration Solution; used to prevent dehydration in diarrhea.
10. Two opioid antidiarrhoeal drugs.
→ Loperamide, Diphenoxylate
11. One use of metoclopramide.
→ Treatment of nausea and vomiting.
12. Two antispasmodic drugs.
→ Dicyclomine, Drotaverine
UNIT-2: PHARMACOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE
DRUGS
13. Two antithyroid drugs.
→ Propylthiouracil, Carbimazole
14. One mechanism of propylthiouracil.
→ Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and peripheral conversion of T₄ to T₃.
15. Two long-acting insulin preparations.
→ Insulin glargine, Insulin detemir
16. Therapeutic use of insulin.
→ Treatment of diabetes mellitus.
17. Two oral hypoglycaemic drugs.
→ Metformin, Glibenclamide
18. One adverse effect of sulfonylureas.
→ Hypoglycemia
19. One mechanism of metformin.
→ Decreases hepatic glucose production.
20. Two glucocorticoids.
→ Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone
21. One adverse effect of corticosteroids.
→ Osteoporosis
22. Two uterine stimulants.
→ Oxytocin, Ergometrine
UNIT-3: ANTIMICROBIALS
23. Define chemotherapy.
→ Use of chemical agents to treat infections by destroying pathogens.
24. Two principles of antimicrobial therapy.
→ Correct diagnosis, appropriate dose and duration.
25. Two mechanisms of action of antibiotics.
→ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis.
26. Two mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
→ Enzyme production, altered target site.
27. Two sulfonamide drugs.
→ Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfadiazine
28. What is cotrimoxazole?
→ Combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
29. Two natural penicillins.
→ Penicillin G, Penicillin V
30. One adverse effect of penicillin.
→ Hypersensitivity reaction.
31. Role of β-lactamase inhibitors.
→ Prevent destruction of β-lactam antibiotics.
32. Two third-generation cephalosporins.
→ Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
33. One adverse effect of aminoglycosides.
→ Nephrotoxicity
34. Two tetracycline antibiotics.
→ Doxycycline, Tetracycline
35. One contraindication of tetracyclines.
→ Pregnancy
36. Two macrolide antibiotics.
→ Erythromycin, Azithromycin
37. One adverse effect of chloramphenicol.
→ Aplastic anemia
38. Two fluoroquinolones.
→ Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
39. Two first-line antitubercular drugs.
→ Isoniazid, Rifampicin
40. What is DOTS?
→ Directly Observed Treatment Short-course for tuberculosis.
UNIT-4: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS &
IMMUNOSTIMULANTS
41. Define immunosuppressant drugs.
→ Drugs that suppress or reduce immune response.
42. Two calcineurin inhibitors.
→ Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus
43. One therapeutic use of cyclosporine.
→ Prevention of organ transplant rejection.
44. Two antiproliferative immunosuppressants.
→ Azathioprine, Methotrexate
45. One adverse effect of immunosuppressant therapy.
→ Increased risk of infections.
46. Define immunostimulants.
→ Drugs that enhance immune response.
47. Two immunostimulant drugs.
→ Interferons, BCG
48. One therapeutic use of interferons.
→ Treatment of viral infections.
49. Vaccine used against tuberculosis.
→ BCG vaccine
50. One clinical use of BCG.
→ Prevention of tuberculosis / treatment of bladder cancer.
END OF THE DOCUMENT
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