1. Purpose
To establish a standardized procedure for administering substances orally via gavage in adult mice and rats while ensuring animal welfare, accurate dosing, and minimal distress.
2. Scope
This SOP applies to all personnel responsible for performing oral gavage in laboratory mice and rats for research purposes.
This SOP applies to all personnel responsible for performing oral gavage in laboratory mice and rats for research purposes.
3. Responsibilities
Only trained and authorized personnel should perform oral gavage.
Personnel must ensure compliance with institutional animal care guidelines and ethical regulations.
The procedure should be conducted with minimal stress and pain to the animal.
Only trained and authorized personnel should perform oral gavage.
Personnel must ensure compliance with institutional animal care guidelines and ethical regulations.
The procedure should be conducted with minimal stress and pain to the animal.
4. Materials and Equipment
a. Animal handling gloves
b. Appropriately sized stainless steel or flexible gavage needles (ball-tipped for safety)
c. Syringe (1 mL to 5 mL, depending on the dose volume)
d. Substance to be administered
e. Lubricant (if required, e.g., sterile water or saline)
f. Restraining device (if necessary)
g. Disinfectant wipes for cleaning equipment
h. Scale (for weight measurement of animals)
a. Animal handling gloves
b. Appropriately sized stainless steel or flexible gavage needles (ball-tipped for safety)
c. Syringe (1 mL to 5 mL, depending on the dose volume)
d. Substance to be administered
e. Lubricant (if required, e.g., sterile water or saline)
f. Restraining device (if necessary)
g. Disinfectant wipes for cleaning equipment
h. Scale (for weight measurement of animals)
5. Animal Preparation
Weigh each animal to calculate the appropriate dose volume.
Ensure the animal is healthy and suitable for the procedure.
Acclimate animals to handling before the procedure to reduce stress.
Fast the animal if required by the study design.
Weigh each animal to calculate the appropriate dose volume.
Ensure the animal is healthy and suitable for the procedure.
Acclimate animals to handling before the procedure to reduce stress.
Fast the animal if required by the study design.
6. Gavage Procedure
6.1 Restraint of the Animal
Hold the mouse/rat gently but firmly by the scruff of the neck using your non-dominant hand.
Ensure the animal’s head is aligned with its body to avoid tracheal entry.
For larger rats, a restraining device may be used if needed.
Hold the mouse/rat gently but firmly by the scruff of the neck using your non-dominant hand.
Ensure the animal’s head is aligned with its body to avoid tracheal entry.
For larger rats, a restraining device may be used if needed.
6.2 Selection of the Appropriate Gavage Needle
Choose a gavage needle of appropriate length and gauge for the species:
Mice: 18–22 gauge, 25–50 mm length
Rats: 16–20 gauge, 50–75 mm length
Use a ball-tipped or flexible plastic gavage needle to minimize risk of injury.
Choose a gavage needle of appropriate length and gauge for the species:
Mice: 18–22 gauge, 25–50 mm length
Rats: 16–20 gauge, 50–75 mm length
Use a ball-tipped or flexible plastic gavage needle to minimize risk of injury.
6.3 Insertion of the Gavage Needle
Load the syringe with the required dose.
Moisten the tip of the gavage needle with sterile water if necessary.
Hold the animal’s head slightly elevated.
Gently insert the gavage needle into the mouth, sliding it along the roof of the mouth to encourage swallowing.
Advance the needle slowly down the esophagus without force. Resistance indicates incorrect placement—withdraw and reposition.
Stop insertion when reaching the estimated required depth:
Mice: ~20 mm (depending on body size)
Rats: ~40 mm (depending on body size)
Verify proper placement by ensuring no resistance and absence of respiratory distress.
Moisten the tip of the gavage needle with sterile water if necessary.
Hold the animal’s head slightly elevated.
Gently insert the gavage needle into the mouth, sliding it along the roof of the mouth to encourage swallowing.
Advance the needle slowly down the esophagus without force. Resistance indicates incorrect placement—withdraw and reposition.
Stop insertion when reaching the estimated required depth:
Mice: ~20 mm (depending on body size)
Rats: ~40 mm (depending on body size)
Verify proper placement by ensuring no resistance and absence of respiratory distress.
6.4 Administration of the Dose
Slowly dispense the substance while monitoring the animal for signs of distress.
Avoid rapid injection to prevent aspiration.
Withdraw the needle smoothly and gently.
Avoid rapid injection to prevent aspiration.
Withdraw the needle smoothly and gently.
7. Post-Procedure Care
Observe the animal for at least 15–30 minutes for any signs of distress or complications (e.g., coughing, regurgitation, labored breathing).
Record the procedure details, including animal weight, substance administered, dose volume, and any adverse reactions.
Return the animal to its cage and monitor its behavior and food intake.
Record the procedure details, including animal weight, substance administered, dose volume, and any adverse reactions.
Return the animal to its cage and monitor its behavior and food intake.
8. Potential Complications and Troubleshooting
9. Safety and Ethical ConsiderationsEnsure proper training before performing oral gavage.
Always use the minimal necessary volume to avoid overdistension of the stomach.
Euthanize animals showing severe distress or injury as per institutional guidelines.
Maintain accurate records of all procedures performed.
10. References
1. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines
2. National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
3. Best practices for oral dosing in rodents (Journal of Laboratory Animal Science)
2. National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
3. Best practices for oral dosing in rodents (Journal of Laboratory Animal Science)
4. CCSEA guidelines
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