Introduction to Haematinics
- Haematinics are substances
essential for the formation of blood components.
- Includes Iron, Folic Acid,
Vitamin B12, Erythropoietin, and Vitamin K.
- Used in the treatment of
anemia and coagulation disorders.
Iron Preparations
Oral Iron Preparations:
- Ferrous sulfate
- Ferrous gluconate
- Ferrous fumarate
- Carbonyl iron
Parenteral Iron Preparations:
- Iron dextran
- Iron sucrose
- Ferric carboxymaltose
Indications:
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Chronic blood loss
- Pregnancy-related anemia
Adverse
Effects:
- Oral: Nausea, constipation,
black stools, metallic taste
- Parenteral: Allergic
reactions, anaphylaxis, local pain
Treatment
of Overdose:
- Gastric lavage (for oral
overdose)
- Deferoxamine (iron-chelating
agent)
Folic Acid and Vitamin B12
Preparations:
- Folic Acid: Tablets, injections
- Vitamin B12: Cyanocobalamin,
Hydroxocobalamin (oral, injectable forms)
Actions:
- Essential for DNA synthesis
and red blood cell formation
- Prevents neural tube defects
during pregnancy
Uses:
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Pregnancy supplementation
- Pernicious anemia (Vitamin
B12)
Inter-relationship
between Folic Acid and Vitamin B12:
- Both are required for DNA
synthesis and erythropoiesis.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency can
cause functional folate deficiency, leading to anemia.
Erythropoietin
- Hormone that stimulates red
blood cell production.
- Synthetic forms: Epoetin
alfa, Darbepoetin alfa.
Uses:
- Chronic kidney
disease-associated anemia
- Chemotherapy-induced anemia
- Anemia in HIV patients on
zidovudine
Adverse
Effects:
- Hypertension
- Increased risk of thrombosis
Vitamin K and Coagulants
Vitamin K:
- Fat-soluble vitamin (K1 -
Phytonadione, K2 - Menaquinone, K3 - Menadione).
- Essential for the synthesis
of clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X).
Uses:
- Treatment of warfarin
overdose
- Prevention of hemorrhagic
disease in newborns
- Management of vitamin K
deficiency-related bleeding
Coagulants:
- Agents that promote blood
clotting.
- Examples: Fresh frozen
plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates
Importance of Haematinics
- Haematinics play a vital
role in treating anemia and coagulation disorders.
- Iron, folic acid, and
vitamin B12 are essential for RBC formation.
- Erythropoietin stimulates
erythropoiesis.
- Vitamin K is crucial for
blood coagulation.
Presentation for Haematinics
END OF THE DOCUMENT
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