Queries Rise in Mind During Anemia Animal Model Study
What type of anemia induced by Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride while starting animal studies?
Ans: Hemolytic Anaemia
What parameters we needed to evaluate anemia induction?
Ans: In the blood (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, RBC level, and Retliculocytes) and in serum (Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin saturation, Total Iron Binding Capacity -TIBC, and Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity-UIBC).
What is the importance of reticulocytes in anemia model study?
Ans: The reticulocyte count is used to estimate the degree of effective erythropoiesis and can help in the diagnosis of different types of anemia. Also used observe whether anemia is caused by fewer red blood cells being made or by a greater loss of red blood cells. Check how well bone marrow is working to make red blood cells. Check to see if treatment for anemia is working.
Why checking the iron level in drinking water?
Ans: If the iron level is high in drinking water, it may interfere with the study results.
What are US FDA-approved formulations?
Ans: The following formulations are US FDA -approved Formulations
Ferrous Gluconate 12 % elemental iron
Ferrous Sulfate 20% elemental iron
Ferrous Fumarate 33% elemental iron
Ferrous Succinate 35 % elemental iron.
The following formulations are found in India as Iron supplements.
Iron Dextran
Sodium Ferric Gluconate
Iron Sucrose
Necessary Considerable Points before Study Initiation
Change in reticulosis and hematocrit observed after 7-10 days.
Initial Phenylhydrazine induction may cause the death of 10% of animals at a dose of 40mg/kg. So the dose of phenylhydrazine should be around 30mg/kg.
Storage of Phenylhydrazine should be maintained, in an inert gas like Argon, Nitrogen, etc. otherwise it will interfere with induction.
Induction with phenylhydrazine will show the reversal in the disease control group, thus induction with 30mg to 40mg every third day is necessary.
A baseline reading is necessary on day 0 in the blood (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, RBC level) and in serum (Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin saturation, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity ).
Two-time dosing is necessary for the Iron-containing formulation, a long-time dosing may cause mortality.
Human Dose 200mg/70 kg Elemental Iron, for rats 20mg/kg (10mg twice a day)
Two-time randomization of animals is performed first, by weight and second, by hematocrit level. Randomization with hematocrit should be done carefully after taking the basal reading on Day 0. After randomization, the allotment of the basal reading for each individual animal, this procedure may be a tedious task.
The liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow are being separated to evaluate the deposition of Iron.
Methylcellulose can be used as an additive to make palatable and soluble the formulation for the oral dosage.
Counting of reticulocytes and analysis of blood within 24 hrs is necessary.
The following factors may affect your study.
1. Reticulocyte level should be less than 1.5 % on 0 days, otherwise, it may interfere with the study results.
2. Oxygen level in the animal room should be check before commencement of the study.
3. The iron level in water should be evaluated before the start of the study.
4. Phenyl hydrazine stability should be maintained during the study.
Unsolved Question
Does less oxygen supply rise hemoglobin level in animals?
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