Queries Rise in Mind During Depression Studies
1. What type of stressors are needed to perform a depression study?
Ans: Following types of stressors are mainly applied to the animals:
Empty drinking bottles (1 h)
Limited feeding (1 h)
Water and food deprivation (24 h)
Noise (100 dB, 3 h)
Cold water (4◦C, 15 min)
Continuous illumination (24 h)
Cage tilting at 30◦, 18 h)
Tail Clipping (2 mins)
Soiled cage overnight (200 mL of plain water into the sawdust bedding)
Restrained The Animals (5 mins)
2. How many days in the week we can apply the stressors?
Ans: At least 5 days and a maximum of 7 days
3. What Study parameters we can select for the depression study?
Ans: Following Parameters, you can select are:
Sucrose Preference Test (SPT)
Forced Swim Test - FST (For both Mice and Rats)
Tail Suspension Test -TST (For Mice Preferable)
Novelty Feeding Suppressed Test -NSFT (For both Mice and Rats)
4. What type of care is needed during the experiment?
Ans: a. During Experiments if possible replace the following stressors that may cause lungs infection or death of many animals. Because water inserts in lungs during swimming that cause long time infection.
Coldwater (4◦C, 15 min)
Soiled cage overnight (200 mL of plain water into the sawdust bedding)
Hot water exposure (40◦C 20 min)
b. To perform Sucrose Preference Test three-day habituation for a baseline reading.
c. Initially animals were randomized based on the sucrose preference test.
5. What part of the brain needed for histopathology and ex-vivo analysis?
Ans: Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus.
6. What parameters are suggestions for invitro testing?
· Quantification of monoamine neurotransmitters by HPLC in the brain
· Measurement of Cytokines in the brain- IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α
· Quantitative RT-PCR & western blot in brain- GADPH, NLRP3, Caspase-1, Iba-1, iNOS , CD206, CD16, Arg-1, NF-κB, TLR4
· Immunohistochemistry of the brain
· Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family plays critical roles in cell differentiation, neuronal survival, migration, and synaptic plasticity (Postmortem studies have shown that hippocampal BDNF levels are decreased in depressed patients and increased in patients receiving antidepressant treatment).
Reference:
Enhanced Antidepressant-Like Effects of Electroacupuncture Combined with Citalopram in a Rat Model of Depression https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/107380
Li, L.F., Yang, J., Ma, S.P. and Qu, R., 2013. Magnolol treatment
reversed the glial pathology in an unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced
rat model of depression. European journal of pharmacology, 711(1-3),
pp.42-49.
Lin, Yu-En, et al. "Water extract of Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P.
Kumm. Alleviates the depression-like behaviors in acute-and chronic mild
stress-induced rodent models via anti-inflammatory action." Journal
of Ethnopharmacology 265 (2020): 113395.
Guo, Yuanxin, et al. "Fingolimod suppressed the chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via affecting microglial and NLRP3 inflammasome activation." Life Sciences 263 (2020): 118582.
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