To design a Standard Operating Procedure that describes the storage of chemicals and to provide minimum requirements for labeling and storage of hazardous chemicals.
2.0 SCOPE:
This SOP shall be applicable to the technical chemists, and lab manager.
3.0 RESPONSIBILITY:
It is the responsibility of the lab manager, operator, or individual who utilizes or stores chemicals at the chemical store to ensure that the proper procedures, as detailed below, are followed for handling and storage of such chemicals.
The individual using chemicals is also considered a hazardous waste generator and is responsible for properly characterizing, packaging, and labeling the waste with the appropriate hazard information.
4.0 INTRODUCTION
Chemical storage refers to the storage of hazardous substances in chemical stores, chemical cabinets, or similar. Chemical cabinets are particularly used for the safe storage of chemical substances internally. These cabinets are made from materials such as steel or plastic and have a bunded tray to capture spillage.
Proper chemical storage controls health or physical hazards posed by chemical compounds during storage in the lab.
1) Protect flammables from ignition;
2) minimize the potential of exposure to poisons;
3) Segregate incompatible compounds to prevent accidental mixing (via spills, residues, earthquakes, fires, or human error)
5.0 PROCEDURE
· A designated storage place for each compound.
· Each stock container of a chemical compound should be returned to that location after each use. Storage locations can be marked on containers.
· Do not store stock supplies of chemicals on bench tops where they are unprotected from ignition sources and more easily knocked over. Only chemicals in use should be bench tops.
· Not in the fume hood Do not keep stock supplies of chemicals in fume hoods they may, interfere with airflow in the hood, and may provide fuel if there is a fire.
· Not in alphabetical order except within "Chemical Storage Groups"
· Do not store chemicals in alphabetical order except within "Chemical Storage Groups". The alphabetical arrangement of randomly collected chemicals often increases the likelihood of dangerous reactions by bringing incompatible materials into close proximity.
· Storage areas should not be exposed to extremes of heat or sunlight.
· Not under the sink
· Do not store any chemicals except bleach and compatible cleaning agents under the sink.
· All containers within the lab must be labeled. Suspect and known carcinogens must be labeled as such and segregated within trays to contain leaks and spills.
· Use of chemicals regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency may require registration and secured controlled storage
· Storage of liquid chemicals is more hazardous than storage of solids and is subject to numerous and varied storage requirements
Flammable liquids
All containers of flammable liquids (flashpoint <140F) should be returned to the flammable cabinet or explosion-safe/proof refrigerator/freezer immediately after use.
Do not store flammable in cold rooms which are neither vented nor explosion proof.
Peroxide formers
Peroxide formers must be stored in flammable cabinets and must be regularly inventoried to track their age. See storage and testing guidelines for peroxide formers.
Poisons
Store volatile poisons (evaporation rate above 1.0- ether=1.0) in a flammable cabinet.
Store non-volatile liquid poisons in a refrigerator or cabinet. Amounts less than 1 liter may be stored in a cabinet above bench level if the cabinet has sliding doors not swinging.
Acids and bases
Acids and bases should be physically separated.
All acids should be stored in a corrosive cabinet. Oxidizing acids (nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, perchloric) should have secondary containment and, as a group, stored separately from other acids (organic and mineral)
Many liquid chemicals pose hazards that correspond to more than one storage group. These chemicals should be stored in the lowest group number.
Group I Flammable Liquids
Group II Poisons - volatile
Group III Acids - Oxidizing
Group IV Acids - Organic and Mineral
Group V Bases - Liquid
Group VI Oxidizer - Liquid
Group VII Poisons - Non-volatile
Group VIII Reactive
Group IX Solids
Group I: Flammable Liquids
Includes liquids with flashpoints < 100 F. Examples: all alcohols, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, amyl acetate, benzene, cyclohexane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dioxane, ether, ethyl acetate, hexane, hydrazine, methyl butane, picoline, piperidine, propanol, pyridine, scintillation liquids, all silanes, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, triethylamine, xylene
Primary Storage Concern: To protect from the ignition
Recommended Facilities/Measures:
1. Flammable Cabinet
2. Refrigerator: for containers less than 1 liter.
Compatible Storage Groups: Volatile poisons may be in the same compartment of the flammable cabinet as flammables if bases are not present.
Group II: Volatile Poisons
Includes poison toxins and known and suspected carcinogens with a strong odor or evaporation rate greater than 1 (butyl acetate = 1): Examples: carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfate, formamide, formaldehyde, halothane, mercaptoethanol, methylene chloride, phenol.
Primary Storage Concern: To prevent inhalation exposures.
Recommended Facilities /Measures: 1. Flammable cabinet 2. Refrigerator: for containers less than 1 liter.
Compatible Storage Groups: Volatile poisons may be in the same compartment of the flammable cabinet as flammable if bases are not present.
Group III: Oxidizing Acids
All oxidizing acids are highly reactive with most substances and each other. Examples: nitric, sulfuric, perchloric, phosphoric acids, and chromic acids.
Primary Storage Concern: Preventing contact and reaction with each other and other substances and corrosive action on surfaces.
Recommended Facilities /Measures:
1. Safety Cabinet. Each oxidizing acid must be double-contained, i.e., the primary container must be kept inside the canister, tray, or tub.
Compatible Storage Groups: Oxidizing acids must be double-contained and should be segregated in their own compartment in a safety cabinet. When quantities are small (e.g., 1 or 2 bottles) they do not warrant a separate compartment. Small quantities may be double-contained and stored with Group 4 Organic and Mineral Acids. Store oxidizing acids on the bottom shelf below Group 4.
Group IV: Organic and Mineral Acids
Examples: acetic, butyric, formic, glacial acetic, hydrochloric, isobutyric, mercaptoproprionic, proprionic, trifluoroacetic acids.
Primary Storage Concern: To prevent contact and reaction with bases and oxidizing acids and corrosive action on surfaces.
Recommended Facilities /Measures:
1. Safety cabinet.
Compatible Storage Groups: Small amount of double-contained oxidizing acids can be stored in the same compartment as organic acids if the oxidizing acids are stored on the bottom shelf. Exceptions: acetic anhydride and trichloroacetic anhydride are corrosive. These acids are very reactive with other acids and should not be stored in this group. It is better to store these with organic compounds as in Group 7 Non-volatile Liquid Poisons.
Group V: Liquid Bases
Examples: sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, glutaraldehyde
Primary Storage Concern: Preventing contact and reaction with acids.
Recommended Facilities/Measures:
1. Safety cabinet; 2. In tubs or trays in the normal cabinet.
Compatible Storage Groups: Liquid bases may be stored with flammables in the flammable cabinet if volatile poisons are not also stored there.
Group VI:
Oxidizing liquids react with everything potentially causing explosions or corrosion of surfaces. Examples: ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide (if greater than or equal to 30%)
Primary Storage Concern: To isolate from other materials.
Recommended Facilities/Measures:
1. Total quantities exceeding 3 liters should be kept in a cabinet housing no other chemicals.
2. Smaller quantities must be double-contained if kept near other chemicals, e.g., in a refrigerator.
Compatible Storage Groups: None
Group VII: Non-Volatile Liquid Poisons
Includes highly toxic (LD50 oral rat < 50 mg/kg) and toxic chemicals (LD50 oral rat < 500 mg/kg), known carcinogens, suspected carcinogens and mutagens Examples: acryl amide solutions; diethylpyrocarbonate; diisopropyl fluorophosphate; uncured epoxy resins; ethidium bromide; triethanolamine.
Primary Storage Concern: To prevent contact and reaction with other substances.
Recommended Facilities/Measures 1. Cabinet or refrigerator (i.e., must be enclosed)
2. Do not store on open shelves in the lab or cold room.
3. Liquid poisons in containers larger than 1 liter must be stored below bench level on shelves closest to the floor.
A smaller container of liquid poison can be stored above bench level only if behind sliding (non-swinging) doors.
Compatible Storage Groups: Non-hazardous liquids (e.g., buffer solutions). Exceptions: Anhydrides, e.g., acetic and trichloroacetic are organic acids, however, it is better to store with this group than with Group 4 Organic Acids, since they are highly reactive with other organic or mineral acids.
Group VIII: Reactive Metal Hydrides and Pyrophoric
Most metal hydrides react violently with water; some ignite spontaneously in the air (pyrophoric). Examples of metal hydrides are sodium borohydride, calcium hydride, and lithium aluminum hydride. Other pyrophoric are boron, diborane, dichloroborane, 2-Furaldehyde, diethyl aluminum chloride, lithium, white or yellow phosphorus, and trimethyl aluminum. Other water reactive include aluminum chloride-anhydrous, calcium carbide, acetyl chloride, chlorosulfonic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorous pentachloride calcium, aluminum tribromide, calcium oxide, and acid anhydrides.
Primary Storage Concern: To prevent contact and reaction with liquids and, in some cases, air.
Recommended Facilities /Measures:
1. Secure water-proof double-containment according to label instructions.
2. Isolation from other storage groups.
Compatible Storage Groups: If securely double-contained to prevent contact with water and/or air, metal hydrides may be stored in the same area as Group 9 Dry Solids.
Group IX: Dry Solids
Includes all powders, hazardous and non-hazardous. Examples: Benzedrine, cyanogens bromide, ethylmaleimide, oxalic acid, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide
Primary Storage Concern: To prevent contact and potential reaction with liquids.
Recommended Facilities/Measures: 1. Cabinets are recommended, but if not available, open shelves are acceptable. 2. Store above liquids. 3. Warning labels on highly toxic powders should be inspected and highlighted or amended if they do not cause the containers to stand out against less toxic substances in this group. 4. It is recommended that the most hazardous substances in this group be segregated. 5. It is particularly important to keep liquid poisons below cyanide-or sulfide-containing poisons (solids). A spill of aqueous liquid onto cyanide - or sulfide - containing poisons would cause a reaction that would release poisonous gas. 6. Compatible Storage Groups: Metal hydrides, if properly double-contained may be stored in the same area. 7. Exceptions: Solid picric or picric sulfonic acid can be stored with this group, but should be checked regularly for dryness. When completely dry, picric acid is explosive and may detonate upon shock or friction. Picric acid in contact with some metals may form explosive metal picrates. Use non-metal caps.
6.0 PRECAUTIONS
· While storing the chemicals care must be taken that there is no chance of spillage of chemicals.
· Proper labeling should be done
· Should be properly sealed
7.0 REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_storage
https://ehs.research.uiowa.edu/chemical-storage-nine-compatible-storage-group-system
https://extranet.fredhutch.org/en/u/ehs/hamm/chap3/section9.html
8.0 ABBREVIATIONS
NA
9.0 ANNEXURES:
NA
END OF THE DOCUMENT
You may like to read these links:
1. List of All SOPs and Documents for Laboratory Instruments and Equipment
2. List of All SOPs and Documents for Chemistry Laboratory
3. List of All SOPs and Documents for Calibration of the Instruments and Equipment
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